Petrus Ganda Perdana, Wahyu Widowati, Fen Tih, Najwa Namira, Firdaus Zakirin Maspar
Wound healing is a complex biological process involving hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Disruptions in these stages, particularly in patients with diabetes or obesity, often lead to chronic, nonhealing wounds that pose significant health and economic burdens. Conventional therapies—such as antimicrobials, dressings, and growth factors—show limited efficacy, high costs, and risks like resistance or cytotoxicity, prompting interest in plant-based alternatives. Green tea (Camellia sinensis), rich in polyphenols such as epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), offers pharmacological properties relevant to wound repair. Preclinical studies highlight its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, angiogenic, and collagen-promoting effects through pathways including NF-κB, Nrf2, TGF-β, and PI3K/AKT. In vitro evidence shows modulation of fibroblast proliferation, macrophage polarization, oxidative stress, and bacterial virulence. In vivo models confirm enhanced wound contraction, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, and angiogenesis. Recent advances in nanoformulations, such as hydrogels, nanoparticles, and nanofibers, improve catechin stability and bioavailability, enabling sustained release and multifunctional wound dressings. Limited clinical studies suggest potential benefits for scar modulation, striae distensae, and complicated wounds, though results remain inconclusive because of small sample sizes and methodological issues. Challenges include variability in extract composition, poor bioavailability, and absence of standardized clinical protocols. Future work should prioritize standardized formulations, advanced delivery systems, and large-scale randomized trials to establish efficacy and safety. Overall, green tea represents a promising, natural, and cost-effective adjunct to conventional wound management strategies. © 2026 Visagaa Publishing House.
Master Program of Skin Ageing and Aesthetic Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Indonesia; Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Indonesia; Biology Study Program, State University of Jakarta, Indonesia
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