Laode Rijai, Selvi Tri Tang, Mukti Priastomo, Siska Siska, Niken Indriyanti, Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati, Islamudin Ahmad
Eleutherine bulbosa Mill. Urb. is a potential plant to be developed as a raw pharmaceutical active ingredient. This plant can be utilized as raw materials for herbal medicine production. A green solvent is one of the innovative approaches to developing and utilizing natural products as a source of raw materials. This study aims to design and optimize the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of polyphenols from E. bulbosa bulbs using choline chloride-sorbitol-based natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES). The MAE method with choline chloride and sorbitol as the deep eutectic solvent composition was used to extract polyphenols content from E. bulbosa. Experimental design with some independent variables was involved, including NADES (choline chloride-sorbitol) ratio, liquid-solid ratio, microwave power, and extraction time. Response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken Design (using Design-Expert v12 program) was used to optimize the extraction condition based on the total polyphenols content (TPC) as a dependent variable. TPC value was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and measured using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer at 761 nm. According to the study results, the optimum MAE condition was obtained at 1:1 g/g NADES (choline chloride-sorbitol) ratio, 5 minutes extraction time, 20%W microwave power, and 12:1 ml/g liquid-solid ratio. A 50 g sample was extracted under the ideal MAE conditions for the scale-up confirmation test, yielding a TPC value of 39.88 mgGAE/g sample. The MAE of polyphenols with choline chloride-sorbitol-based NADES produced a higher TPC as a target secondary metabolite and was conducted efficiently, rapidly, and in an environment-friendly way. © 2023 Laode Rijai et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, East Kalimantan, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia; Pharmaceutical Research and Development Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Mulawarman, East Kalimantan, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. Dr. Hamka, South Jakarta,Jakarta, 13120, Indonesia; Department of Cosmetology, Engineering Faculty and Research Center for Cosmetics, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, East Jakarta,Jakarta, 13220, Indonesia
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