Robert Kurniawan, Anas Rulloh Budi Alamsyah, Ahmad Fudholi, Agung Purwanto, Bagus Sumargo, Prana Ugiana Gio, Sri Kuswantono Wongsonadi, Alton Endarwanto Hadi Susanto
The high concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is to blame for West Java's poor Air Quality Index (AQI). So, this study aims to determine the influence of industrial activity as reflected by the value of its imports and exports, wind speed, and ozone (O3) on the high concentration of tropospheric NO2. The method used is the econometric Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach to capture the existence of a short-term and long-term relationship between tropospheric NO2 and its predictor variables. The data used in this study is in the form of monthly time series data for the 2018–2022 period sourced from satellite images (Sentinel-5P and ECMWF Climate Reanalysis) and publications of the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS-Statistics Indonesia). The results explained that, in the short-term, tropospheric NO2 and O3 influence each other as they would in a photochemical reaction. In the long-term, exports from the industrial sector and wind speed have a significant effect on the concentration of tropospheric NO2. The short-term effect occurs directly in the first month after the shock, while the long-term effect occurs in the second month after the shock. Wind gusts originating from industrial areas cause air conditions to be even more alarming because tropospheric NO2 pollutants spread throughout the region in West Java. Based on the coefficient correlation result, the high number of pneumonia cases is one of the impacts caused by air pollution. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Department of Statistical Computing, Politeknik Statistika STIS, Bidaracina, Jakarta, 13330, Indonesia; Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia; Research Center for Energy Conversion and Conservation, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia; Department of Population and Environmental Education, Faculty of Post-Graduate, State University of Jakarta, Rawamangun, Jakarta, 13220, Indonesia; Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, State University of Jakarta, Rawamangun, Jakarta, 13220, Indonesia; Department of Mathematics, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia; Department of Community Education, Faculty of Education, State University of Jakarta, Rawamangun, Jakarta, 13220, Indonesia; Lembaga Ketahanan Nasional (Lemhannas), Jakarta, Indonesia
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