Nina Konitat Supriatna, Prima Zuldian, Yohanes Gunawan, Nabila Aprianti, Aminuddin, Nunuy Nurjanah, Neng Tresna Umi Culsum, Raden Ibrahim Purawiardi, Alvin Prasetya, Endro Wahju Tjahjono, Rizal Alamsyah, Adi Surjosatyo
This study investigates the gasification of pelletized garden waste with high ash content in a pilot-scale downdraft fixed-bed gasifier, integrating experimental reactor data with thermal decomposition kinetics via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Garden waste pellets were analyzed at heating rates of 5, 10, and 20 °C/min using the Distributed Activation Energy Model (DAEM), yielding activation energies ranging from 46.56 kJ/mol (α = 0.1) to 122.12 kJ/mol (α = 0.9). The optimal gasification condition was observed at an equivalence ratio (ER) of 0.37, producing syngas with 16.76 ± 1.18 % H2 and 9.46 ± 0.84 % CO, and a lower heating value (LHV) of 4.17 ± 0.06 MJ/Nm3. Maximum cold gas efficiency (CGE) and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE) reached 60.62 ± 1.22 % and 80.95 ± 2.37 %, respectively. Tar content decreased from 2.2 ± 0.05 to 0.72 ± 0.02 g/Nm3 with increasing ER, and GC–MS analysis identified phenolic compounds (e.g., 40.01 % 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol) as dominant species. Kinetic–performance correlation revealed that high activation energy at later stages (α > 0.7) coincides with increased thermal demand and slagging, influenced by ash constituents (e.g., CaO, SiO2). The integration of DAEM kinetics and reactor performance offers a predictive framework for optimizing waste-to-energy systems using heterogeneous, ash-rich biomass. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, 16424, Indonesia; National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia; Polytechnic of Energy and Mineral (PEM) Akamigas, Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (KESDM), Indonesia; Faculty of Language and Literature, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, 40154, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jl. Rawamangun Muka, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Pamulang, South Tangerang, Indonesia; Tropical Renewable Engineering Center, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
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