Ngadiwiyana Ngadiwiyana, Gunawan Gunawan, Ismiyarto Ismiyarto, Nor Basid Adiwibawa Prasetya, Marcelinus Christwardana, Damar Nurwahyu Bima, Roni Adi Wijaya
The growing demand for sustainable materials in corrosion protection and biofouling control has driven interest in bio-based polymer coatings. In this study, polymerized eugenol derived from clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum) was synthesized via cationic addition polymerization using H₂SO₄, achieving a 90.39% yield and a molecular weight of 11,335.2 Da. Structural analyses by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR confirmed successful polymerization through the disappearance of the allyl (C = C) band and the formation of new aliphatic proton peaks. The polymer exhibited notable thermal stability, showing an 88.27% weight loss between 310 and 442 °C, a degradation peak at 366.7 °C, and Tg/Tm values of 51.87 °C and 420.74 °C, respectively. As a coating, polyeugenol reduced the corrosion rate by 69% (0.0114 mm/year) and exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, strong antioxidant performance (IC₅₀ = 14.97 ppm), and low cytotoxicity. These results highlight the potential of polyeugenol as a multifunctional, bio-based, and environmentally benign coating for industrial and packaging applications. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Tembalang, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia; Master Program of Energy, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50271, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta Timur, 13220, Indonesia
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