Andi Setiono, Yudhistira Saputra, Heri Firmansyah, Rafiuddin Syam, Qomaruddin, Dwi Bayuwati, Nelfyenny, M. Faizal Amri, Imam Mulyanto
This paper presents the design and implementation of a water level monitoring system based on macrobending optical fiber sensors and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. The system utilizes a deformable optical fiber whose curvature changes in response to water level variations, resulting in measurable optical power loss. The sensor demonstrated a stable and linear optical response beginning at 60cm of water level, based on laboratory tests. This range was then extrapolated and calibrated for real-world deployment, enabling the system to monitor water levels up to 3 meters. An Arduino-ESP32-based microcontroller architecture was developed to process and transmit data in real-time to a Firebase cloud database. A responsive web dashboard was also implemented to visualize water level readings and status alerts. The system was tested successfully and demonstrated its suitability for flood monitoring applications. While the current work focuses on real-time monitoring, future development will incorporate predictive models based on machine learning to enable short-term water level forecasting. The system is designed to be low-cost, scalable, and suitable for deployment in flood-prone environments. © 2025 IEEE.
Research Center for Photonics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), South Tangerang, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Faculty of Engineering, Jakarta, Indonesia; Research Center for Intelligent Mechatronics, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bandung, Indonesia
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