Mehwish Sarfaraz, Dalia Sukmawati, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir, Muhammad Khan, Marcelo Franco, Muhammad Irfan
Glucose oxidase (GOx) is a well-known oxidoreductase enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of β-D glucose into d-gluconic acid in the presence of oxygen as an electron acceptor mediator. It results in the release of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a by-product. Although different bacteria and insects naturally produce the enzyme, fungi are the primary sources. GOx is a valuable enzyme in the food and textile industry, medical diagnostics, and biofuel cell improvement. Recent advances in nanotechnology have shown the great significance of GOx in biosensors, targeted drug delivery, bio-catalysis, and cancer treatment. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the structure, production, and optimization strategies regarding GOx. The analysis of various aspects of GOx is crucial for further modification of enzymes to meet emerging applications in multiple fields. © Jiangnan University 2025.
Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan; Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jalan Rawamangun Muka Jakarta Timur, Jakarta, 13220, Indonesia; Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab New Campus Lahore, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan; Department of Exact Science, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilheus, Brazil
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