Rismawati Rismawati, I. Nyoman Darmayasa, Shirpa Goyal, Indra Pahala
This chapter examines how governments shape industrial policy under centralized, decentralized, and hybrid governance frameworks. Innovation systems, missionoriented tactics, and institutional adaptability are used to address global issues including sustainability, digitization, and inclusive development in modern statecraft. To examine how governance systems affect industrial competitiveness, policy consistency, and strategic autonomy, the chapter compares case studies from China, South Korea, Germany, the US, Brazil, and Indonesia. Centralized systems ensure policy uniformity and speed, while decentralized approaches encourage local innovation and adaptability. Flexible hybrids pose fragmentation hazards. The chapter finds that governance typology, institutional capacity, multi-level coordination, and the state's ability to orchestrate complex policy settings through adaptive and innovation-driven tactics all affect industrial change. © 2026 by IGI Global Scientific Publishing. All rights reserved.
Universitas Muhammadiyah Palopo, Indonesia; Politeknik Negeri Bali, Indonesia; RIMT University, India; State University of Jakarta, Indonesia
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