Muhammad Al Muttaqii, Dicky Annas, Indri Yati, Hendris Hendarsyah Kurniawan, Sun Theo Constan Lotebulo Ndruru, Sugeng Priyanto, Sudibyo, Abdul Aziz, Didik Prasetyoko, Reva Edra Nugraha, Lenny Marlinda
Non-edible vegetable oils have proven to be promising crude oils for biofuel production. Carbera manghas oil (CMO) is an alternative of non-edible feedstock for biofuel production. The oil from Carbera manghas fruit makes up 46–64 % of the seed's content. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Mo-La/NHZ catalyst through a hydroprocessing reaction. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET), and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). The liquid product was analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic (FTIR) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The experimental condition of hydroprocessing reaction such as varied temperature (250, 300, 350) °C with the reaction pressure at 20–40 bar, metals loading of the catalyst (5 % and 10 %), and the ratio of total metals (1:1 and 1:2). Then, the process of hydroprocessing used 0.5 g of the catalyst and 15 mL of feedstock oil in a batch reactor for 2 h. The results showed that all catalysts were able to convert CMO into biofuel hydrocarbon. The best temperature was obtained for hydroprocessing process to convert CMO into biofuel is 350 °C using Mo-La/NHZ 10 % 1:2 catalyst with a yield for gasoil of 10.61 %, kerosene of 10.48 %, and gasoline of 0.68 %. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.
Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN-Indonesia), KST BJ Habiebie, South Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of Jakarta, East Jakarta, 13220, Indonesia; Research Center for Mining Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN-Indonesia), South Lampung, 35361, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Keputih, Sukolilo, Surabaya, 60111, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, East Java, Surabaya, 60294, Indonesia; Low Carbon Technologies Research Center, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jawa Timur, East Java, Surabaya, 60294, Indonesia; Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
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